The use of "wife" instead of many titles that can be used for Krupskaya causes reactions. Because:
Krupskaya was born on February 26, 1869 in St. She was born in St. Petersburg to an educated family of aristocratic origin, but she was brought up in lower class conditions in this family that no longer had a good income.
Her father was Konstantin Ignatevich Krupski, a lieutenant in the Russian army, and her mother was the governess Elizabeth Vasilyevna Tistrova. After six years of service, Konstantin Ignatevich was expelled from the army on charges of participating in revolutionary movements, after which she worked in factories and elsewhere. Familiarity with the living conditions of the poor was influential in Krupskaya's revolutionary movements.
After her father's death in 1897, Krupskaya gave private lessons to earn a living with her mother. Expressing that she was interested in education from a young age, Krupskaya attached great importance to Tolstoy's theories and emphasized the importance of the teacher-student relationship as a pedagogue. The theories she developed, influenced by Tolstoy, later contributed greatly to the development of the Soviet education system.
After graduating, Krupskaya found herself in discussions about politics and education, where she encountered Marxist ideology and became its advocate. Her works in this field, on the other hand, were obtained from revolutionaries and underground libraries like everyone else, as they were banned by the Tsarist government.
At this time, Lenin was working in a law firm. In 1896 Krupskaya was sentenced to 2 years in prison for 'illegal agitation', which was later commuted to 6 months in prison and 3 years in exile. Krupskaya was sent to Ufa. Thereupon, she applied to complete her exile in Shusenskoye as Lenin's wife, but before the exile, Lenin had refused the young woman's marriage proposal. Nevertheless, Krupskaya's application was accepted on the condition that she marry immediately and that Lenin return to Ufa as soon as her exile was over. Thereupon, the two names were married in a church ceremony in 1898. After their release, they went to Munich. Here Krupskaya worked as a secretary for the newspaper Iskra. After a while they went to London.
Krupskaya was a modest person who hated luxury and avoided unnecessary spending.
She had Basedow's disease. That's why she didn't have children. In her book about Lenin, Krupskaya said that she was a very good wife, supported her in every way when she was sick, and did not hesitate to help her with housework.
Krupskaya took an active part in political life.
She took part in the preparation and execution of the RSDLP Congress in London. In 1905 she became the secretary of the Central Committee of the RSDLP. Although they returned to Russia with Lenin in 1903, they went to France after the failed revolution attempt in 1905. Krupskaya worked as a teacher at the Longjumeau Party School in Paris. As Lenin's secretary, she helped him establish contacts with party organizations in Russia. She took an active part in the Bolshevik press.
After the October Revolution of 1917, she started working in the People's Commissariat of Education.
Education has been an ongoing passion since Krupskaya's youth. She became chairman of the Education Committee in 1920. From 1929 until her death, she served as the deputy of the People's Commissariat of Education.
Krupskaya was particularly interested in the organization of the proletarian youth movement. She pioneered the establishment of Komsomol and Pioner organizations that will be effective in the basic, theoretical and practical training of the young generation and in their healthy development. She was also among the founders of the Soviet children's newspaper Pionerskaya Pravda and wrote many articles for children in this newspaper. She was also of primary importance in the development of the Soviet education system and the spread of librarianship.
In 1920, she was elected Chairman of the Central Political Education Committee of the People's Commissariat of Education.
During this tenure, she launched a campaign to create a “child-friendly society”. She determined the duties and responsibilities of scouting and its importance in the development of children by establishing Pioner, a pioneering children's association. She worked on the development of children with the principles of communist philosophy. After the death of Lenin she supported the opposition to Stalin at the Party Congress. But later, speaking at the plenum of the Central Committee, she stated that she was leaving the opposition front.
She was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1924, a member of the Central Committee Control Commission in 1927, and a member of the Supreme Soviet assembly in 1931.
Krupskaya had worked as an educator for 5 years during the tsarist era. She worked in the classroom of a factory that gave evening classes for workers. She legally taught literacy and numeracy, but was also instrumental in spreading revolutionary ideas among workers. Krupskaya and other educators were dismissed when 30,000 factory workers in her area went on strike for better wages.
Krupskaya became the most important founder of the Soviet public education system and contributed to the determination of the main tasks of the new education system.
Krupskaya, who wrote many books and articles on youth organization and education problems, started the efforts to expand librarianship in the Soviet Union, and stated that the public should have free and easy access to books in order to quickly raise the level of education and culture. To this end, she made an effort to allocate more funds for books and libraries.
Krupskaya also wrote a large number of works about Lenin. She worked on communist education, pedagogy and history. She opened the Lermontov and Belinski museums in Penza. She enabled the opening of museums in many other parts of the USSR. In her speech to the Central Committee in 1930, she stated that the class struggle should be strengthened. She resisted the establishment of the administrative-command system. She argued that a more democratic administrative system should be implemented in parties and businesses. She fiercely fought against child labor and exploitation of children from the tsarist era.
She served as a member of the CPSU Central Executive Committee and Central Committee until her death.
The press continued its work. In 1937 she was elected vice-president of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. She received her PhD in Pedagogical Sciences. While not supporting Joseph Stalin's harsh policy, she acknowledged her role in the development of the Soviet Union.
Nadezhda Konstantinovna died on February 27, 1939 in Moscow. The Soviet administration named an asteroid in honor of Krupskaya. The world, on the other hand, preferred to remember that it liked to call Lenin 'my little herring'...
Nadezhda Krupskaya Legacy
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Nadezhda_Krupskaya