He was one of the leaders of the Revolutionary War. His eldest son, John Quincy Adams, is the sixth president of the United States.
(1735-1826) Born in Braintree, Massachusetts; He died in Quincy. His father, who was a farmer, was a member of the city council. He graduated from Harvard University in 1755 with a law degree. He married a priest's daughter in 1764. This marriage provided him with extensive social relationships that he would enjoy throughout his life. He had a daughter and two sons. His eldest son, John Quincy, is the sixth president of the United States.
In 1763 he began to write articles for newspapers. During this period, an opposition movement against British colonial policy began to emerge in the American colonies. He played an active role in the resistance movements organized to protest the new stamp tax imposed by the UK. A series of articles criticizing the laws of England were published in the Boston Gazette. He entered the Boston Court of Appeals in 1768. He undertook the defense of British soldiers on trial for being responsible for what became known as the Boston Massacre in 1770. Public opinion was against the defendants, who opened fire and killed five people against the people protesting the import duties. Adams nevertheless took on the defense and the case resulted in the acquittal of most of the British soldiers.
He was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1772, and two years later, with the Massachusetts delegation, he joined Congress, the first House of Representatives for the 13 American colonies. The Congress met to determine the attitude to be taken against British colonial policy. From the beginning, Adams advocated the necessity of America's independence. The general tendency of the congress was toward reconciliation with England. He struggled against these tendencies. In 1776, Congress made the decision to draft the Declaration of Independence, and Adams was elected to the Committee formed to draft it. The Declaration of Independence was defended by Adams in Congress. In the same year, he expressed his views on the organization of local governments in his article titled "Thoughts on Government". The most important aspect of this article is that it defends the principle of separation of powers so that the power is not concentrated in one hand in the main duties of the state and does not become oppressive.
Beginning in 1776, he took on tasks related to strengthening America's foreign relations. In 1776 Congress sent Adams and Benjamin Franklin as representatives to France. As a result of the negotiations, France agreed to enter into diplomatic relations with the newly established American state. Friendship and trade agreements were signed with France.
Returning to America in 1779, Adams participated in the preparatory work of the Massachusetts state constitution. He went to Paris with a committee of three for the peace treaty to be signed with England in 1782. After long negotiations, a very beneficial peace treaty was signed for the United States. In addition, the much-needed loans of the USA, which were being established, were provided by Dutch banks. In 1785 he went to England as the US ambassador. In 1787, he published a book called Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America. This book was a defense against criticism of the American constitution.
He participated in the elections in 1789 and was elected vice president of the United States. The differing views within the government resulted in the separation of the two groups, federalists and democrats-republicans. Federalists advocated a strong, centralized government, while democrats valued personal freedoms and envisioned limited powers for the federal government. Adams sided with the federalists. He was elected the second president of the USA by getting three votes more than Adams Jefferson, who participated in the elections as the candidate of the federalists, against Thomas Jefferson, the candidate of the democrats in the 1796 elections. Jefferson became vice president.
Different views within the government were also reflected in domestic and foreign policy. In response to the French Revolution, European countries were preparing for war. When England and France began to fight, the democrats advocated entering the war on the side of France, and the federalists on the side of England. After a period of indecision, Adams came to the conclusion that it would be wrong to go to war with France and this would lead to internal turmoil. He began working on a peace plan. His decision on peace strengthened the existing differences of opinion within the Federalist Party and caused the party to split into two.
In the 1800 election, Adams was defeated by a small margin against Jefferson. He left the capital after his electoral defeat. He spent the rest of his life on his farm. He died on July 4, 1826, at the age of 91, a few hours after Jefferson's death, on the 50th anniversary of the declaration of independence.
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The sixth president of the USA: Who is John Quincy Adams?
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