Pushkin was born in Moscow in 1799 to a wealthy family. Before Pushkin, Russian literature, which turned to the West, entered the period of "national literature" with him.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was born on May 26, 1799 in Moscow. His father, Sergey Lvovich, is the son of a noble family. In order to say how noble his mother, Nadezhda Osipovna Hannibal, was, it would suffice to mention that his grandfather Ibrahim Hannibal of Ethiopia was the godchild of Russian Tsar Peter I. As you can see, Pushkin is a member of a very noble family. His mother and father are multicultural and at the same time ostentatious people. Because they spend most of their time at balls, Pushkin grows up as a child without parental affection. Pushkin gets his first knowledge from foreign instructors. At the age of eight, his French is as good as his Russian. By the age of eleven, he had almost memorized French literature, whose libertarian and cynical writers he admired, and began to write poems and comedies in French. Well-known poets and writers of his period are among those who come to Pushkin's house. However, none of them impresses him as much as her nanny, who constantly tells her strange tales and sings old Russian folk songs. The stories of his old nanny Arina leave an indelible mark on Pushkin's childhood soul.
When Pushkin was twelve years old, he enrolled in the school opened by the Russian Tsar Alexander I in Tsarskoye Selo (the Tsar's summer village), and for six years there he was almost cut off from the outside world, just like the other students of the school, without even being allowed to go to Petersburg. gets an education. Even in Pushkin's poems written during his high school years, the tendency towards realism is clearly visible. He manages to attract even Derjavin's attention with his poems, in which he easily uses vulgar and everyday words that were not used in the poetry of that period, and in which the traces of a lively, agile intelligence are visible.
Pushkin, who is now considered a famous poet, plunges into the lively life of Petersburg with a great thirst for entertainment after these boring school years. His libertarian poems and satires, many of which were banned, began to circulate around this time. For the first time in the history of Russian literature, poetry fascinates everyone. It begins to grow with enthusiasm, like a newborn and almost trembling child.
He was appointed to the Caucasus by the Russian Tsar Alexander I, where he wrote his famous epics "Caucasian Captive" and "Bahçesaray". Neither the normativeness of classical poetry nor the false, fantastic beauties of Romanticism take place in his literature. He senses the truth, comes from the truth, and wants to tell it as it is.
Returning from the Caucasus, Pushkin was banned from entering the capital for four years due to his blasphemy against the military government in Russia, and he was forced to live in the village of Mihaylovskoye, owned by the family. His father, who is assigned by the government to keep his son under surveillance, also does his duty with all his heart. Twenty-four-year-old Pushkin begins to write his novel Yevgeny Onegin, which he will complete seven years later, during this period of exile. He also wrote his important works "Gypsies", "The Prophet" and "Boris Godunov" during these exile years.
After this long, boring, and tense period of exile, everything that comes out of the pen of the young poet, who was summoned to Moscow by the Russian Tsar Nicholas I, will now be censored by the tsar. Police raids and love affairs become inseparable parts of Pushkin's life.
During this period, a man named George Charles d'Anthès enters his life. Through several anonymous letters he wrote at the time, Pushkin learns that this French young man named d'Anthès was courting Miss Natalya Pushkin and that Miss Natalya Pushkin was not indifferent to d'Anthès. Very upset, Pushkin challenged d'Anthès to a duel in 1837. In a sense, this is Pushkin's challenge to death. Because d'Anthès is known to be one of the best marksmen in the army.
On January 27, 1837, it was decided to hold a duel at a corner of the Black Dere near St. Petersburg. Pushkin's witness is his friend Danzas. It is claimed that he sold his silver to buy the weapon he will use in the duel. d'Anthès, who was wounded in the shoulder by Pushkin in the duel, succeeds in wounding Pushkin in the stomach. Pushkin, who had been dying for two days in great cold blood, died on February 10, 1837, at the age of 38.
Natalya Nikolayevna Goncharova (September 8, 1812 - November 16, 1863), Pushkina in her first marriage, and Lanskaya in her second marriage was the wife of Russian poet Alexander Pushkin. She married Pushkin in 1831 and remained married until 1837 when Pushkin died in a duel with Georges d'Anthès. She was later married to Major General Pyotr Petrovich Lanskoy from 1844 until his death in 1863.
When they heard that the poet had died, the people gathered in front of the door of their house and consumed the last edition of Yevgeny Onegin with a snatch, and after the poet's death, they almost came to the point of an uprising against the government. Fearing that the events would break out for this reason, the police secretly took the poet's coffin from the church at midnight, took it to the village of Mihaylovskoye, and buried it.
"Pushkin is an extraordinary event," says Gogol; Dostoevsky says in a more mystical manner, "Pushkin is a prophet who tells us about the future". Pushkin is the writer and thinker who contributed the most to the formation of modern Russian literature. Pushkin is the leader who started the "realism movement" in Russian literature by synthesizing classical Western literature and the Russian folk spirit.
The last place Alexander Pushkin stopped on the day of the duel; On Nevski Prospekt in Petersburg is Wolf's Confectionery (now Cafe Litteraturnia). There is a wax statue of Pushkin in this cafe.