He tried to seize the throne of the Holy Roman empire; He was defeated twice and withdrew for fear of excommunication. He was one of the most enlightened rulers of his time, a versatile scholar, astronomer, poet, historian, jurist, and patron of science.
(1221-1284) King of Castille and León. He was born in Toledo. He died in Seville. He is the son of King Ferdinand III of Castille and León. In his youth, he was trained in warfare and administration. He played an important role in his father's capture of Seville from the Moors in 1248. He married the daughter of King James I of Aragon and had ten children. He ascended the throne in 1252. To expand his kingdom, he fought with King Alfonso III of Portugal. He began to lay claim to Gascony in 1253 but gave up on it in 1254. He fought irregular wars with France. He tried to seize the throne of the Holy Roman empire; He was defeated twice in 1257 and 1273 and withdrew for fear of ex-communication. In 1266, with the help of King James I of Aragon, he put an end to Islamic rule in Murcia. The struggle between the aristocracy and the kingdoms, which started in the time of Ferdinand III and spread all over Europe in this period, continued during the reign of Alfonso X. He also granted broad privileges to the aristocracy to prevent a civil war.
When his eldest son Ferdinand died in 1275, a fight for the throne began between his younger son Sancho and Ferdinand's son Alfonso. In 1282 Sancho proclaimed his father's abdication. X Alfonso fled to Seville and died there.
Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, Spanish: el Sabio; 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 30 May 1252 until his death in 1284. During the election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be king of Germany on 1 April. He renounced his claim to Germany in 1275, and in creating an alliance with the Kingdom of England in 1254, his claim on the Duchy of Gascony as well.
He was one of the most enlightened rulers of his time, a versatile scholar, astronomer, poet, historian, jurist, and patron of science. In the Middle Ages, ancient science was entering the West from Spain, mainly through translations from the Arabic language. One of the communities Alfonso protected was the School of Translators in Toledo, made up of Christian, Muslim, and Jewish scholars, who translated the works of Arab scholars into Latin and Spanish.
The main works that Alfonso has published are:
The works he has published in the field of law are as follows; Las Siete Partidas (“Seven Chapters”), Tablas Alfonsies (“Alfonso Tables”) in astronomy; The colloquial history collection is the Cronka General ("The General Chronicle").