Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist who believed in complex and emotionally charged associations. Although he collaborated with Sigmund Freud, he disagreed with him on many issues.
Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung was born on July 26, 1875, in Kesswil, Switzerland. The only son of a Protestant clergyman, Jung was a quiet and careful child who grew up alone as an only child. However, perhaps as a result of this isolation, he spent hours observing the roles of the adults around him, which undoubtedly had a positive impact on his future career.
Carl Jung's childhood was greatly influenced by the complexity of his parents. His father, Paul, strengthened his belief in the power of religion as he grew older. Jung's mother, Emilie, suffered from some kind of mental illness and was hospitalized in a long-term mental hospital when Jung was only 3 years old.
Like his father and his male relatives, Jung was expected to become a clergyman. Instead, Jung, who began studying philosophy extensively in his youth, broke family tradition and entered the University of Basel. There he excelled in numerous fields of study, including biology, paleontology, religion, and archaeology, and eventually settled on medicine.
Carl Gustav Jung (26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. Jung's work has been influential in the fields of psychiatry, anthropology, archaeology, literature, philosophy, psychology, and religious studies.
Jung graduated from the University of Basel in 1900 and received his doctorate from the University of Zurich two years later.
While Jung was attending the University of Zurich, he conducted studies at Burgholzli Asylum under the guidance of psychologist Eugene Bleuler, who is now widely known for his studies on mental illnesses.
Where he worked, Jung observed how different words elicited emotional responses in patients and thought that this affected the patients' subconscious. These observations led Jung to develop the term “complex,” which he used to describe a variety of conditions.
Jung's growing reputation as a psychologist and his studies of the subconscious eventually led him to Freud's ideas and then directly to himself. He was a big fan of Freun at that time.
He studied with Freud for a period of five years, starting in 1907. It was believed that Jung would continue the work of the elder Freud and be his heir. However, their perspectives and temperaments ended their collaboration and eventually their friendship. Jung was particularly opposed to Freud's beliefs about sexuality as the basis of neurosis. He also opposed Freud's methods, claiming that the older psychologist's work was too one-sided.
However, the break with Freud had some consequences for Jung. Freud closed his inner circle to the young psychologist, and many people in the psychoanalytic community stayed away from him for this reason. He resigned from the International Psychoanalytic Society in 1914 and continued to work tirelessly for the development of his ideas.
Jung, who defined his studies under a branch different from Freud's, adopted the term "analytical psychology" and delved into the depths of his studies under this title. The greatest development he experienced during these periods was his understanding of introversion and extroversion and his development in how to categorize people's consciousness functions. Jung's work in this field was published in his 1921 publication Psychological Types.
During this period, he also aimed to explore his own mind, eventually proposing the idea that there was not only a personal unconscious but also a collective unconscious from which certain universal symbols and patterns emerged throughout history.
For much of his later life, Jung traveled around the world to study different cultures. He published his findings extensively and wrote some 200 books on his theories, including Modern Man in Search of a Soul (1933) and The Undiscovered Self (1957). He also held professorships at the Federal Polytechnic in Zurich and the University of Basel.
Private Life and Death
Jung married Emma Rauschenbach in 1903. The couple had five children and were together until Emma's death in 1955.
Jung died at his home in Zurich on June 6, 1961.