His curiosity was to discover how substances behave at low temperature: Who is James Dewar?

(1842-1923) British experimental chemist and physicist. He studied low-temperature events and realized the space-insulated flask (thermos flask) was named after him.

Born September 1842 in Scotland, died 27 March 1923 in London. Completing his chemistry studies at Edinburgh University, he became a lecturer at the Royal Veterinary College in the same city in 1869. He was appointed professor of experimental natural philosophy at Cambridge University in 1875, and professor of chemistry at the Royal Institution two years later, and held these two positions together until his death. James Dewar, who assumed the presidency of many scientific organizations in England and also served as a consultant in some public and private institutions, was elected as a member of the Royal Society in 1877 and received the title of "Sir" in 1904. In 1889, a year after he was appointed a government adviser as an explosives expert, he developed, together with Frederick Abel, a powerful explosive called "cordite", consisting of nitroglycerin and nitrocellulose.

Dewar's early work was in organic chemistry. In 1867, after working with Kekule on the ring structures of unsaturated hydrocarbons, and ring formulas of benzene and pyridine molecules containing alternating single and double carbon bonds, he turned his attention to the measurement of high temperatures in electrochemistry. From 1877 to 1904, he published seventy-eight articles examining the relationship between spectroscopy and molecular structure.

Beginning in 1877, Dewar carried out almost all of his research in the Royal Institution laboratories.

His contribution has been in the field of low-temperature physics. The low-temperature method gained importance especially after the work of Faraday and Regnault when looking for ways to liquefy non-liquefiable (permanent) gases such as oxygen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen monoxide, and methane. In 1877, Cailletet and Pictet succeeded in liquefying most of the gases, namely oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and air, which were compressed by pressure and cooled to degrees below the critical temperature, based on Andrews' concept of critical temperature.

Dewar, who started his duty at the Royal Institution in the same year, also started experiments with an interest in the liquefaction of permanent gases; Its purpose was to study the properties of matter at very low temperatures by means of liquid gases rather than liquefying gases. Since the only "permanent gas" that has not been liquefied until then, James Dewar, who started working on this gas, succeeded in liquefying hydrogen in 1898 by using liquefied air at -200°C and under 200 atmospheres pressure, after ten years of effort. obtained condensed solid hydrogen. In order to carry out this work, it had dropped to low temperatures of -260°C, which was sufficient to liquefy all gases except helium. Thus, nearing absolute zero by 13 degrees, Dewar uses liquid hydrogen to liquefy helium by descending to lower temperatures.

tried to take advantage. Although he did not succeed in this experiment, since the helium he used was pure and contained neon, in 1908 Kemerlingh Onnes was able to come to a conclusion using his method when liquefying helium.

Dewar's passion to study the low-temperature properties of matter led him to become interested in thermal insulation. In 1892 he developed the cavity-insulated thermos flask.

Who and when invented the (vacuum flask) thermos?

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